Definition and Types of Culture

The word “culture” originated from a French term, which in turn derives from the Latin word “colere” which means to grow, cultivate, till, nurture, or care. Culture is a social behavior, institution, a societal pattern, or norms found in human societies, as well as the knowledge, beliefs, arts, laws, customs, capabilities, and habits of the individuals in these groups.

Two (2) types of culture

Material culture are tangible things or things that can be touched. These are the physical objects, resources, and spaces that people use to specify their culture identity. These include homes, neighborhoods, cities, schools, churches, synagogues, temples, mosques, offices, factories and plants, tools, means of production, goods and products, stores, and so forth.

Non – material culture are the non-tangible things or things that cannot be touched. These are the nonphysical ideas that people have about their culture, including beliefs, values, rules, norms, morals, language, organizations, and institutions.

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The rule of the father

Patriarchy literally means "the rule of the father" and comes from the Greek word patriarkhia, which means "father or chief of a race." It is a social system in which power or authority is given to men to govern society. The society is dominated by men, who are given more privileges than women.

Negative effects of a Patriarchal Society

Women have no autonomy. They are expected to follow men. In a society dominated by men, the laws and policies are biased toward women. If there is conflict between a husband and wife in the administration of properties or how to rear their child, the decision of the husband or the father shall prevail. If a woman decides to get married, she traditionally takes the family name of her husband, and their child also takes the family name of the father.

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The Difference of Ethics and Morals

 The Difference of Ethics and Morals

Ethics originated from the Greek word "ethos," which means "character," while morals derive from the Greek word "mos," which means "custom". Both deal with right or wrong. However, ethics is external, which means the right or wrong set by society, while morals is internal, which means the right or wrong set by a person to himself or herself. 

Ethics are the rules that a person must follow in society and in their profession. Every profession has standardized responsibilities and accountabilities, such as teachers, lawyers, and engineers. Morals are personal values, which mean an individual's guiding principles for his or her action.

Social Science Disciplines and Their Etymologies

Sociology is from the Latin word "Socius" which means "associate or companion" and Greek word logos" which means "study".

Political Science derived from the Greek word "polis" which means "city-state and the Latin word "scire" which means "to study."

Linguistics derived from the Latin term "lingue," which means tongue.

Anthropology is from the Greek words "Anthropos" which means "man," and "logos," which means "to study."

Economics derived from the Greek word" oikanomia," which means "household management."

History is from the Greek word "Istoria" which means "knowing by inquiry".

Geography is from the Latin words "geo" which means "Earth," and "graphein," which means "to describe".

Psychology derived from two Greek words, “psyche”, meaning the mind, soul, or spirit, and "logos," meaning discourse or to study.

Demography comes from two ancient Greek words, demos, meaning "the people," and graphy, meaning "writing about or recording something."

Difference of Social Science and Applied Social Science

 Definition of Social Science

It is a branch of science that refers to scientific fields or scientific disciplines.

Science is divided into three groups. These are the following:

1. Formal sciences under the branches of logic and mathematics
2. Natural sciences study natural phenomena, which can be divided into two main branches: physical science and life science, or biology.
3. Social science is the study of human behavior in its social and cultural aspects.

It studies society, which means a group of individuals involved in social interaction or a social group sharing the same territory.

Social science is about relationships among individuals within society.

This relationship is about the voluntary or involuntary interpersonal relationship between two or more individuals within and/or between groups.

Examples of these groups are social class, nation, or gender.

Social science is a branch of science devoted to the study of society and the relationships of individuals within it.

Applied Social Science

The basic knowledge in social science disciplines is put into practical use or application to solve problems or issues that affect the daily lives of individuals within society.

Examples include economic analysis and economic planning, social work, public health, urban planning, public administration, management, social planning, policy analysis, epidemiology, and many more.